The authors demonstrate an erbium doped optical power limiting amplifier ola, study its noise characteristics, and discuss its application in the protection rings of a four fiber, sonet self. This invention relates to an erbium doped fiber amplifier having improved operating characteristics. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa is an optical repeater device that is used to boost the intensity of optical signals being carried t. Summary erbium fiber amplifiers is a comprehensive introduction to the increasingly important topic of optical amplification. Two sections of erbiumdoped fibre with different modedependent gain characteristics are concatenated to equalize gain between modes. Sep 02, 2002 erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers by emmanuel desurvire, 9780471264347, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. Optostar 64667c 1550 nm erbium doped fiber amplifier. Edfa consists of an optical fiber having a core doped with the rareearth element erbium. Device and system developments brings telecommunications professionals up to date. The erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa is commonly used in current optical networks. Concept of edfa erbiumdoped optical fiber amplifier. Erbium dopped fiber amplifier edfa basics, working. The erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa is the most deployed fiber amplifier as its amplification window coincides with the third transmission window of silicabased optical fiber.
It will excel as an introductory text in upperlevel undergraduate and graduate courses on system applications of fiber optics. Parameters which determine the operating characteristics of an erbium doped fiber amplifier are the concentration of erbium in the core of a fiber, the ratio of the radius of the core of the fiber doped with erbium relative to the radius of the core of the. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers are an important technology for lightwave voice, video, and data transmission. The spectroscopic features and laser properties of.
Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers has been written by early pioneers in the development of fiber amplifier technology and optically amplified systems. Actually, the floppydisk edfa model offered in the bos book is based upon the theory developped by c. Sep 02, 2002 erbium doped fiber amplifiers are an important technology for lightwave voice, video, and data transmission. I like this style and would like to recommend it as the. This wideranging book answers many of the most central questions researchers and designers may have, including how light is amplified in the doped fiber, the ultimate noise limits of fiber amplifiers, and the optimal locations of optical amplifiers in a system. Comparison of 1480 nm and 980 nmpumped galliumerbium fiber. Basic physics of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers springerlink. Invented in 1987, an edfa is now most commonly used to compensate the loss of an optical fiber in. Figure 1 shows the energy level diagram and the most important radiative and nonradiative transitions.
Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers are modeled using the propagation and rate equations of a homogeneous twolevel laser medium. For added safety, the user may connect an interlock. Principles and applications these are just a handful of the essential questions answered in erbium doped fiber amplifiersthe first book to integrate the most influential current papers on this breakthrough in fiber optics technology. The overall gain excursion does not exceed 4db across all modes. Hence, it is named as edfa erbium doped fiber amplifier. Edfa erbium doped fiber amplifier booster amplifier youtube. Principles and applications, emmanuel desurvire offered an important exploration of the theninfant technology of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Energy levels and transitions in an erbium doped gain medium.
The book guides the reader from the most fundamental aspects of fiber amplifiers all the way to system design and applications. The passage of the 1996 telecommunications act and the growth. These are just a handful of the essential questions answered in erbium doped fiber amplifiers the first book to integrate the most influential current papers on. Written by three bell labs pioneers, the book stresses the importance of the. Chapter 12 erbium doped fiber amplifiers for dynamic optical networks. It is terminated on each end with a wdm, which separates the 1550 nm spectrum from the 980nm andor 1480nm wavelengths, where the pump lasers operate.
The authors give a brief and clear theoretical description, just to reminder your knowledge. All discbased content for this title is now available on the web. Principles and applications, emmanuel desurvire offered an important exploration of the theninfant technology of erbium doped fiber amplifiers. The emergence of the fiber amplifier foreshadows the invention and development of further guided wave devices that play a major role in the continuing increase in the transmission capacity and functionality of fiber networks. Principles and applications these are just a handful of the essential questions answered in erbium doped fiber amplifiers the first book to integrate the most influential current papers on this breakthrough in fiber optics technology. The critic gives me credit for the noise figure definition, which has since become a standard. These are just a handful of the essential questions answered in erbiumdoped fiber amplifiersthe first book to integrate the most influential current papers on.
The new fiber, namely gallium co doped erbium fiber gaedf, is used as a gain medium in an optical fiber amplifier setup. Optical amplifiers are critical and necessary components for aons. The passage of the 1996 telecommunications act and the growth of the internet have sparked intense demand for expanded bandwidth in all network layers, resulting in. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers principles and applications these are just a handful of the essential questions answered in erbium doped fiber amplifiers the first book to integrate the most influential current papers on this breakthrough in fiber optics technology. Guided wave optical components and devices sciencedirect.
Written by one of the developers of this major new technology, erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers synthesizesfor the first timemany of the most important recent papers in the fastgrowing literature to provide uniquely indepth, interdisciplinary coverage of the theoretical foundations, essential characteristics, and practical applications of edfas. Principles and applications offered an important exploration of the theninfant technology of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Principles and applications offered an important exploration of the theninfant technology of erbium doped fiber amplifiers. We present herein a full analytical study related to a simple optimization of the performance of fbgs for sensing applications and erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa gain flattening. With the inventive amplifier, a gain of 37 db and a saturation power of 11. In his previous book, erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Erbium fiber amplifiers is a comprehensive introduction to. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers has been written by early pioneers in the development of fiber amplifier technology and optically amplified systems. An optical fiber that can be used to amplify an optical input. Parameters which determine the operating characteristics of an erbium doped fiber amplifier are the concentration of erbium in the core of a fiber.
Additionally, the transmission mode of the optical fiber at the pump wavelength has a radius which is substantially equal to or greater than the radius of the distribution profile. Wiley series in telecommunications and signal processing. Rp photonics encyclopedia rate equation modeling, gain. The pump current of the erbium doped fiber amplifier is adjustable through the instruments front panel, allowing the user to vary the gain and output power of the amplifier. Erbium ions deposited in silicabased glass allow amplification in the lowest loss region of commercialgrade optical fiber erbium dopped fiber amplifier edfa with following outlines. In this paper, new configuration is proposed, investigated and analyzed. Light from one or more external semiconductor lasers is coupled into the fiber, exciting the erbium atoms. A description is made of the basic physics and characteristics of erbiumdoped fibers amplifiers edfas. As an example, consider the dynamics of an erbium doped gain medium, such as used in, e. The book is an indispensable reference for researchers, development engineers, and system designers in fiber optic communications. Erbium doped singlemode fiber amplifiers for the traveling wave amplification of 1.
The passage of the 1996 telecommunications act and the growth of the internet have sparked intense demand for expanded bandwidth in all network layers, resulting in significant advances in erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa technology. Erbium fiber amplifiers is a comprehensive introduction to the increasingly important topic of optical amplification. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers principles and applications these are just a handful of the essential questions answered in erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers the first book to integrate the most influential current papers on this breakthrough in fiber optics technology. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers for dynamic optical networks. When a normal optical fiber core is doped with trivalent erbium ions, erbium doped fiber is formed. This chapter provides an introduction to the history of the erbiumdoped fiber amplifier, as well as the context within which fiber amplifiers have a very significant commercial impact. A relatively recent advance in fiber optics is the development of the erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa. Rareearthdoped fiber lasers and amplifiers, revised and.
Erbium doped fiber amplifiers principles and applications these are just a handful of the essential questions answered in erbium doped fiber amplifiersthe first book to integrate the most influential current papers on this breakthrough in fiber optics technology. These are just a handful of the essential questions answered in erbium doped fiber amplifiers. An erbiumdoped fiber amplifier is analyzed with the software rp fiber power, including aspects like saturation and amplified spontaneous emission. The erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa had a great impact on optical fiber communication systems 10, 41. Packed with information on important system experiments and the best experimental results to date as well as over 1,400 references to the expanding literature, erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers illuminates such key areas as.
Erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa is an optical amplifier used in the cband and l band, where the loss of telecom optical fibers becomes lowest in the entire optical telecommunication wavelength bands. Fibers with confined erbium doping are completely characterized from easily. Combining the contributions from four international experts in edfas, this new volume expands the readers conceptual understanding of edfas and covers the developmental issues of edfas that are relevant to modern telecom applications. About this title erbium fiber amplifiers is a comprehensive introduction to the increasingly important topic of optical amplification. It is also extensively used in amplifier simulation software by suppliers and compagnies worlwide, as being generic and accurate. A 2meter length of the gaedf fiber was used in a single pass configuration with a forward pumping scheme at 150 mw pump power. The heart of the edfa is a piece of fiber optic cable a few feet long, doped with erbium atoms, as shown in the block diagram of fig. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers are an important technology for lightwave voice, video, and data transmission. The edfa is pumped with light at a wavelength of 980 nm.
This invention is a rare earth doped optical amplifier with increased gain and lowered pump thresholds. It is a close relative of an edfa, erbium doped fiber amplifier, and in fact edwas basic operating principles are identical to those of the edfa. Edfa erbium doped fiber amplifier physics and radio. Rareearthdoped fiber lasers and amplifiers, revised and expanded book. Written by three bell labs pioneers, the book stresses the importance of the interrelation of materials properties, optical properties, and systems aspects of optical fiber amplifiers.
Bibliography includes bibliographical references p. Edfa erbium doped fiber amplifier booster amplifier. An erbiumdoped waveguide amplifier or edwa is a type of an optical amplifier. Doped fiber amplifier an overview sciencedirect topics. Erbium doped fiber amplifier abstract this invention related to an erbium doped fiber amplifier having improved operating characteristics. A length of fiber with the element erbium added can act as an amplifier for light in the 1550 nm wavelength region. These are just a handful of the essential questions answered in erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers the first book to integrate the most influential current papers on this breakthrough in fiberoptics technology. Erbium doped fibers provide the basic building blocks for fiber optic amplifiers more specifically erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfas used in broadband optical networks and catv applications. These are just a handful of the essential questions answered in erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers the first book to integrate the most influential current papers on this breakthrough in fiber optics technology. The passage of the 1996 telecommunications act and the growth of the internet have. The amplifying scheme is based on a 3 level lasing system rather than the more prevalent 4 level lasing system. Comparison of 1480 nm and 980 nmpumped galliumerbium. Both of them can be used to amplify infrared light at wavelengths in optical communication bands between 1500 and 1600 nm.
Erbium ions have the energy level diagram as shown in fig. Nov 30, 2017 a wideband optical amplifier that a has an erbium doped optical fiber as its active element, b is characterized as having a high signal gain and a high output power over a 40 nm nanometer wavelength range, c usually produces i coherent radiation or ii incoherent radiation, i. The first bi doped fiber lasers with the slope efficiency over 1%, operated in a spectral region of 01520 nm, were made. Analytical solution for the dynamic behavior of erbiumdoped fiber. In addition, remote control of the pump current is supported by sending serial commands via a usb 2.
Principles and applicationsthe book is an indispensable reference for researchers, development engineers, and. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers, device and system developments. Pdf erbiumdoped glasses for fiber amplifiers at 1500 nm. Chou, in encyclopedia of modern optics, 2005 optical amplifiers. Product description erbium fiber amplifiers is a comprehensive introduction to the increasingly important topic of optical amplification. A description is made of the basic physics and characteristics of erbium doped fibers amplifiers edfas. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers are the by far most important fiber amplifiers in the context of longrange optical fiber communications.
Numerical methods are used to analyze the effects of optical modes and erbium confinement on amplifier performance, and to calculate both the gain and amplified spontaneous emission ase spectra. Jun 23, 2020 as a key component of new generation optical communication systems, erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfa have several advantages, we can also call it the god of optical communication systems, which has many advantages, such as high gain, large output power, wide operating optical bandwidth, polarization independence, low noise factor and system bit rate. Written by one of the pioneers in the field, this unique reference provides researchers, engineers, and system designers with detailed, interdisciplinary coverage of the theoretical underpinnings, main characteristics, and primary applications of edfas. Erbiumdoped fiber an overview sciencedirect topics. It is a very good reference book to my work optical fiber system engineer. Last active component in the dwdm system and erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa shows in the image on the transmit side post amplifier. Erbrium doped fiber amplifiers for lightwave systems provide simultaneous amplification of wavelength channels in the entire cband 1530 to 1565 nm and part of the lband 1565 to 1605 nm. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers emmanuel desurvire haftad. Edfa erbium doped fiber amplifierbooster amplifiermax output power. The fundamental chapters address the important aspects of noise theory.
Fiber laser and fiber amplifier are merged in one configuration which called erbium doped fiber laser and amplifier edfla or integrating edfl and edfa in one design. This erbium doped fiber act as a gain medium that amplifies an optical signal. Written by one of the pioneers in the field, this unique reference provides. Principles and applications wiley series in telecommunications and signal processing desurvire, emmanuel isbn. The core of the fiber is doped with erbium and is typically pumped with 980 or 1480 nm to produce gain around 1550 nm cband or 1590 nm lband. The number of pump lasers in an amplifier determines how much signal power you can get out. The passage of the 1996 telecommunications act and the growth of the internet have sparked intense demand for expanded bandwidth in all network layers, resulting in significant advances in edfa technology. We report and characterize an amplifier which provides gain to a record six spatial modes simultaneously. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers edfa see optical amplifiers. The optostar 64667c 1550 nm erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa is designed for multiplex distribution configuration and long distance relay transmission network configuration in conjunction with the 1550 nm optical transmitter. Rp photonics encyclopedia erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Fundamentals and technology optics and photonics by philippe c. The erbium doped fiber is pumped with a laser, at a wavelength of 980 nm or 1480 nm and produce.
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